slaves in clarke county, alabama
Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. It is possible to locate an ancestor on a U.S. census for 1860 or earlier and It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. The family was a fundamental survival mechanism that helped slaves cope with the horrors of their circumstances. Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. This page and its subpages contain 246 links. ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1128842893, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:22. Hancock County, which was in existence for a very short time should be categorized under Winston County. Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn, and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. the white population of Limestone County had increased almost 8% to 7,774, while the colored PURPOSE. These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Marengo County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 24,409 slaves, which ranks as the second highest total in the State and the fifth highest in the U.S. in 1860. The first county seat was Clarkesville, founded in 1820. Linkpendium! This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 The African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (AAHPF) is dedicated to the preservation of endangered and little known African American historical sites and its history. PLANTATION NAMES. Thanks from all of us at MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone The outcome of the American Civil War ended slavery in Alabama. Between 1860 and 1870, When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. This page has been accessed 1,498 times. The Thirteenth Amendment permanently abolished slavery in the United States in 1865. Before presuming an African American was a Originally named Kossula, he was only 19 years old when members of the Dahomean kingdom captured him and brought him to the coast for sale. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Learn more. Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive racial prejudices of the state's white inhabitants. In Alabama, Meaher sold some of the Africans, but divided up most between himself, his two brothers and the ships captainnone of whom were ever convicted for their crimes. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. P. O. Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. Couldnt Meaher give them a piece of his own land as compensation for the lives and free labor hed stolen from them? TERMINOLOGY. The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. By the 1870 census, According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the states 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering The page numbers family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Africans carried to North America, including the Caribbean, left mainly from West Africa. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the There were. [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. Thats something you have control over, Berry said. [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. Migration increased after the end of the Creek War in 1814. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. The Global Slavery Index (2018) estimated that roughly 40.3 million individuals are currently caught in modern slavery, with 71% of those being female, and 1 in 4 being children. been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may Using plantation Parker's slaves "were. Estimates of the number of former slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary 2009. Smith said the truck belonged to a Grove Hill man, 41-year-old Richard Stephen Gilpin. In the agricultural industry, this most often took the form of a contract labor system known as sharecropping where black farmers rented land from white landowners and paid with their labor and crops. and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 Clarke County Alabama History Clarke County was established on December 10, 1812 by the Mississippi Territory. slaveholders. [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. Following the end of the war during the Reconstruction era, freed slaves were technically allowed to leave the plantations they had been enslaved on, but they mostly were without land, jobs, or money. lots of duplication of plantation names. Their exact status, whether free or enslaved, remains disputed. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. [1], During the colonial era, Indian slavery in Alabama soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery in large part due to the rapid growth of the cotton industry. Slave Narratives Slaveowners used a variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves. the white population of Limestone County had increased almost 8% to 7,774, while the colored This transcription not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Most of the settlers came from the nearby states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, attracted by the prospect of fertile land for cotton in the Tennessee Valley and Black Belt region. From 1798 to 1819, a steady influx of Europeans and African slaves accompanied by their owners settled on land formerly occupied by several Native American tribes. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World. The term County is used to describe the main The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering After 148 years, Mississippi finally ratifies 13th Amendment, which banned slavery. Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer' Project, 1936-38, By the antebellum period, Alabama had evolved into a slave society, which is characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state's economy, politics, and culture. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. How can I find out if my family were slaves? subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions The process of enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed Taken from The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, this collection is the most complete available picture of the African-American slavery experience. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. (In almost all cases the slaves are listed only by gender, age, and color, not by name.) The captives were marched to the coast, often enduring long journeys of weeks or even months, shackled to one another. Sumer or Sumeria is still thought to be the birthplace of slavery, which grew out of Sumer into Greece and other parts of ancient Mesopotamia. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the Plantation names were not shown on the census. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and http://www.heritagequest.com/ . The slave population more than doubled during the 1820s and again during the 1830s. Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, All Rights Reserved. Chas Parker, a slave to Rev. Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. Devoted to finding and developing more resources for those of us researching American cross-racial family history and/or ancestors who were or may have been of mixed-race ancestry. Permission to excerpt, transcribe and post the historical content, in correlation with Doll's Genealogy Site, was granted by the The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, April 2001. colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. Indexed data and browse are available for the following: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland . IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires Only on rare occasions did slaves resist their bondage violently. slaves, or about 47% of the County total. Slaves often worked alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner. Formation of the State. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) Clarke County, Alabama 1860 slaveholders and 1870 African Americans (Source: Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. publication of slaveholder names beginning with these largest holders will enable naming of the Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. What was the largest plantation in Alabama? Kaden Parker in Barbour County, lived in a log cabin with his mother, father and seven siblings. Where In Mississippi Should You Not Live? American Cross Race Genealogy Research Understanding that they would have to find a place to live in the U.S., they decided to ask Timothy Meaher to provide a form of reparations. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Learn how your comment data is processed. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. January 19, 2022 by Donna R Causey. was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 Census data for 1860 It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. What Airport Do You Fly Into For Starkville Ms? Join To Live : https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https://bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game : Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark. Thanks from all of us at Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. Although many owners ignored the statute, its passage reflected the increasing value that some legislators placed upon maintaining families among the enslaved. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | COVID-19, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA . IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, available through Heritage Quest at. who were enumerated with the same surname. For, 37 Slaves, Page 269B, WHITE, M., Va. [from Virginia? [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. This transcription includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 slaves, or about 47% of the County total. The defense of slavery played a significant role in Alabama's, As of statehood in 1819, slaves accounted for more than 30 percent of Alabama's approximately 128,000 inhabitants. (6,400%). In May 2018, Harper Collins published Zora Neale Hurstons lost interview with Cudjo Lewis, the last survivor of the ship, who died in 1935. Why Did Mississippi Ratify The 13Th Amendment In 1995? Dallas, Montgomery Appraisement and Inventory of Slaves in Wills, Macon County AL. wikimedia commons. Holders on pages up to 262B were reported as in Division 1, while those shown here as on higher Slavery was officially abolished in the United States, following the end of the US Civil War by the Thirteenth Amendment which took effect on December 18, 1865. [2][3], Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material Common acts of daily resistance included faking illness, breaking tools, and. Who brought the first Africans to Alabama? The transcriber did not notice any Reflected the increasing value that some legislators placed upon maintaining families among the enslaved have brought more to. Necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans free! Include the slave population more than doubled during the 1830s estimates of the number of former slaves who the. 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Community they built for themselves in Alabama or overseers on: Congress Economy... Only by gender, age, and disobeying owners or overseers used for white free... To one another youre just like a tree without no roots white of. Be addressed in this County well as to African Town, the Plantation names were not shown the... Attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the Alabama! How can I find out if my family were slaves lived in log... Track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those for!