why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq

Much of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line passes through areas where no evidence of faulting is present.. Some developed powerful states and armies, which could only be maintained through taxes. The result was the establishment of many large East Coast cities along the Eastern seaboard's fall lines. Figure 1: A map of a fall line that runs along the Atlantic coast from Trenton, NJ to Montgomery, AL. ; 3 Why did so many of Georgia's early settlers build towns and villages near the fall line? There are many fall lines around the world. 1001 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9B023E47819EF04487C7F31395531B78>]/Index[988 28]/Info 987 0 R/Length 80/Prev 1423426/Root 989 0 R/Size 1016/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Booker T. Washington or W.E.B. B- What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? (SS8G1c) This freshwater marsh is located in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia. Historically, settlements were established along fall lines because Native Americans and early European traders and settlers could not continue traveling past them. Copyright 2023 DBQ Project. The fall lines geology is also notable for its impact on early transportation in Georgia and consequently on the states commercial and urban development. This was done for the convenience of economic development, but it also meant that the Falls themselves continued to be a significant stretch of whitewater on the Eastern seaboard and a major recreation destination for nearby city dwellers and international tourists alike. For a chain of cities in the Eastern United States, the boundary between two kinds of rock set the stage for conditions that would attract settlers and industries. The Fall Line is one of Georgias most important geological features. These ''falls'' are caused by a change in terrain: piedmont to coastal plain. At that point they were forced to disembark and reload their cargo on the other side of the falls in order to continue their journeys. Eventually, mills and turbines were used to harness the water power of the falls and rapids. As industries grew, more and more people moved to fall line cities to live, work, and trade. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. Why Were Early Georgia Cities Located On The Fall Line? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". And so theyre getting smaller. Among amphibians and reptiles, giant salamanders inhabit the Coastal Plain, while numerous woodland salamanders in the Appalachian Mountains give this region the highest salamander diversity in the world. The fall line represents the uppermost extent of the navagable Why Were Early Georgia Cities Located On The Fall Line? All Rights Reserved. In 2021, the Special Masters responsible for creatiing redistricting maps after the 2021 Census recognized it as an important geographic divider, relevant to defining compact and contiguous boundaries based upon communities of interest. A fall-line is a. Trenton is the state capital of New Jersey, but at one time it was briefly in the running for capital of the United States. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. 6014 , CY. Environmental Its called the Fall Line because the first falls or rapids in rivers that one encounters as one comes inland from the ocean are usally found at this boundary as the streams drop off the Piedmont and onto the Coastal Plain. Create your account. A- They took over newspapers to make sure their voices were heard. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Another fall line city is Richmond, Virginia. What is the benefits of playing handball. The Fall Line was very important in the historical growth of Georgia. That is at least quadruple the millions of years that it took for the Rockies to form. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Although dairy and beef cattle are also raised in the Piedmont poultry is the regions main livestock industry. The soils are different, too. Settlement patterns were influenced by the slope of fall zones on rivers. The Georgia Piedmont lies between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Upper Coastal Plain. After the War of 1812 (1812-15) some southern leaders, in an attempt to duplicate the prosperity of cotton mills in New England, built textile factories in the South. How is fall in Atlanta? Most likely there were locals that also helped in the construction of the dams. Q. Georgia is the 8th most populous state with population of 10,711,908 residents as of 2020 United States Census data, and the 21st largest by land area, It cover an area of 57,513 square miles (148,959 km2). In a generalization of and for the buckets preamble federal budget in their function. Georgia encompasses parts of five distinct geographic regions: the Appalachian Plateau, the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, the Piedmont, and the Coastal Plain. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? The earliest of these mills in Georgia were the Antioch Factory in Morgan County and the Bolton Factory in Wilkes County.Both factories, built around 1810, had failed by the early 1820s, largely due to the regions' rural . Perhaps Virginia's most famous industrial company, the Tredegar . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Along the fall line eastern rivers break into rapids and waterfalls preventing many ships from the Atlantic Ocean from traveling further inland. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource may need to be submitted to the, Georgia Department of Economic Development, UGA Museum of Natural History: Physiographical Regions of Georgia. The Fall Line has remained a regional boundary, in part because so many county boundaries were based upon it. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Industries such as mills that depended on waterpower grew around the valuable rapids. that flow across the fall line create waterfalls or rapids, which give the fall line its name. Richmond was established along the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line in 1737 by President George Washington. The fall line is between the piedmont plateau of the Appalachians and the coastal plains of the Atlantic ocean. endstream endobj startxref The different erosion characteristics of these rocks result in a drastic change in elevation over time. Cities on the Fall Line became trade centers that were important to the states economy. Why were the first factories in the U.S. located along the fall lines in the northeast? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Copyright 2023 DBQ Project. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The geological differences to the north and south of the fall line give rise to variations in soil types, hydrology (water cycles), and stream morphology. At these places, Native Americans and early European traders and settlers were forced to portage their canoes and other boats, making these natural sites to stop for rest and refreshment. The rapid change in elevation of the water and resulting energy release make the fall line a good location for water mills, grist mills, and sawmills. Because the drastic drop in elevation at the Fall Line between the Piedmont Region and the Coastal Plains made it difficult to navigate. However the majority of Georgians live in the Piedmont region near the capital city of Atlanta. Rivers of the Coastal Plain were a major means of commercial transportation during the 1700s and early 1800s. Create an account to start this course today. Why were many early cities in Georgia located along the fall line? Q. In Document 2, two causes for the fall of Rome were: the large size, and the introduction to Christianity. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Why were the first factories in the U.S. located along the fall lines in the northeast? 6 Why were so many US cities located along the boundary between the coastal plain and the Piedmont? Georgia Women in World War II: What Stories Should Be Told? During the Mesozoic Era (251-65.5 million years ago), the fall line was the shoreline of the Atlantic Ocean; today it separates Upper Coastal Plain sedimentary rocks to the south from Piedmont crystalline rocks to the north. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. They could not travel over the steep and rushing falls; last navigable point for GA . The developed barrier islands have no such outer defense. Question 15. One significant consequence of these differences is that the fall line separates distinctive plant and animal communities. Why have so many Georgia cities and industries grown up along the Fall Line? Was Sherman's March to the Sea Justified? Why did many settlers exploring inland Georgia have to stop at the Fall Line? hbbd```b``^ "du H^0,"@dH=cX$H}9$TK??/ ( There were many features that early civilizations had in common. The fall line, where the land rises abruptly from the coastal plain, marks the limit of navigability on many major rivers, so inland ports sprang up along it. What is the geographic significance of the Piedmont region of Georgia? %%EOF This small National Park Service site is very popular with hikers, rock climbers and kayakers. In addition to their importance as transportation hubs, fall line cities were successful because of the presence of water resources. The city's River District and Canal Walk incorporate its geology and history into its current quality of life. Contents. The Fall Line was very important in the historical growth of Georgia. , How did the Anti-Federalists voice their objections to the Federalist Papers? The Trail of Tears: Why Were the Cherokees Removed? Theblogy.com Why Were Early Georgia Cities Located On The Fall Line. Middle School Earth Science: Tutoring Solution, Shaping the Earth's Surface: Tutoring Solution, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Earth's Spheres & Structure: Tutoring Solution, Understanding Plate Tectonics: Tutoring Solution, Understanding Earthquakes: Tutoring Solution, Understanding Volcanoes: Tutoring Solution, Rock Deformation & Mountain Building: Tutoring Solution. New Georgia Encyclopedia, last modified Jul 23, 2018. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/fall-line/, Duncan, M. S. (2002). hb```3" A)@QQP`RP|'70c8!WarO The southernmost point of the mountain range (that extends into the northeastern part of the United States) forms the high peaks found in the Appalachian Plateau Valley and Ridge and Blue Ridge regions of the state. Why Were Early Georgia Cities Located On The Fall Line? The Matta, Po, Ni, North Anna, and South Anna rivers cross the Fall Line, but on winding and shallow rivers. Since agriculture is the biggest industry in Georgia the impacts of changing climate are going to hit our states economy hard but could also provide new opportunities for farmers to produce new crops or change their rotation strategies to take advantage of longer growing seasons and potentially less frost. It was an important source of power due to a change in elevation. How Did the Cotton Gin Shape Georgias Economy? The city of Columbus, for example, was established where the Chattahoochee River crosses the fall line; Macon, Milledgeville, and Augusta are similarly located at the crossings of the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Savannah rivers, respectively. Later, as industrialization progressed, the same cities had the advantage of water power from the "Falls" where they were established. Today, the rapids are enjoyed by whitewater rafting enthusiasts. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. How Do We Remember 9/11? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. A fall line is a rapid change in elevation. . the Delaware Schuylkill Patapsco Potomac James and Savannah rivers) and the cities of Trenton N.J. Philadelphia Pa. Baltimore Md. Retrieved Jul 23, 2018, from https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/fall-line/. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? endstream endobj 989 0 obj <>/Metadata 103 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 980 0 R/StructTreeRoot 179 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 990 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 991 0 obj <>stream Above the fall line, flatboats and barges moved goods around the state. C- They put out a magazine with essays written under pen names. Piedmont is the . Seeking a head of navigation with a ready supply of water power, people have long made settlements where rivers cross a fall line. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. from SCIENCE 3200 at W H Adamson High School. It separates Georgia's Coastal Plain from its Piedmont region. In South Carolina, the . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The Appalachian mountains were formed over 480 million years ago. hWo6W The dramatic change in elevation and resulting waterfalls provided energy. A few miles upstream from Washington D.C. are the Great Potomac Falls. 30 seconds. White 1 Niya White 8/23/19 DBQ #1 Social Studies Why were Early Georgia Cities Located on the Fall Line ? Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X: Whose Philosophy Made the Most Sense for America in the 1960s? 20042023 Georgia Humanities, University of Georgia Press. The fall line is the point at which boats traveling upriver usually cannot continue any further. Cities intensified social hierarchies based on gender, wealth, and division of labor. Which physical feature protects the mainland of Georgia from major storms and hurricanes? Fall Line. The fall line where the land rises abruptly from the coastal plain marks the limit of navigability on many major rivers so inland ports sprang up along it. Georgia's Fall Line is a geologic boundary marking the prehistoric shoreline of the Atlantic Ocean as well as the division between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of the state. Geology often provides the clues to patterns of human settlement. Cities founded along the fall line, called fall line cities, are located at the places where these rivers crossed the fall line, marking the upstream limit of travel. Georgia Women in World War II: What Store Should Be Told? All rights reserved. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which statement BEST describes the benefit the Appalachian Mountains bring the rest of the state?, Water traveling over the Fall Line is an excellent source of, Which city is located on Georgia's Fall Line? 2qm7 The Fall Line provided a source of waterpower for the cities established along it. The boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain is the Fall Line. From Blue Ridge take Aska Road 13.5 miles until it dead ends into Newport Road. DuBois: Who Had the Right Strategy for Black America? Founded by Quaker settlers, it was the site of the Revolutionary War's Battle of Trenton and General Washington's famous crossing of the Delaware River. answer choices. In the eastern United States, a fall line exists between the Appalachian piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain; waterfalls or rapids occur on all the principal rivers (e.g., the Delaware, Schuylkill, Patapsco, Potomac, James, and Savannah rivers), and the cities of Trenton, N.J.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md. D- They wrote and distributed a book call The Anti-Federalist Papers.. This helped to turn the burgeoning young city into an industrial base which attracted many European settlers. During the Mesozoic Era (251-65.5 million years ago), the fall line was the shoreline of the . All mountains are constantly experiencing some form of erosion which tries to shrink them. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. A map of the fall lines, rivers, and cities is shown in figure 1. Along the fall line, eastern rivers break into rapids and waterfalls preventing many ships from the Atlantic Ocean from traveling further inland. The piedmont plateau drops quickly to regions of low-lying coastal plains, creating waterfalls and rapids. All Rights Reserved. how did Georgias fall line encourage industrial growth in the 1800s? The Delaware River flows across the fall line, through Trenton, to the ocean. Although Southerners successfully pushed for a site farther south, Trenton has still played an important historic and economic role. "Fall Line." %PDF-1.5 % The Appalachians were actually at one time presumed to be as large as or bigger than the Rockies but time and erosion have whittled them down to where they stand now. 4 Why were the first factors in the United States located along the fall line in the Northeast? l$Y8i U1-:@)!d{R 7 0 E The zone is seven miles wide and stretches from 100 feet elevation at Bosher's Dam downstream to Mayo Island, where the water reaches sea level. &e9ZwGJ:~=y p$QN4N,-NQ x\"RJOf!#oQ'NwcqY-^669vM?)=^8d"xZk>K (z8d2N7xC`[,3wOO@'SY+:5;g'~D &'+Y{>:47I),Jf*]npC}#\(a8W?LU"/_e Was Shermans March to the Sea Justified? Georgia Women in World War II: What Stories Should Be Told? Which of these represents an important factor of the Fall Line in Georgia history? See also if an atom has 1 to 3 valence electrons what will it do. Another state capital on the fall line is Richmond, which was first planned in 1737. Therefore, instead of a smooth, gradual slope from the Appalachian crest to the Atlantic Ocean, there is a plateau with a noticeably steep drop to the coastal plain. The line dividing regions 4 & 5 on this map is known as the Fall Line. Which of these represents an important factor of the Fall Line in Georgia history? -why-were-early-georgia-cities-located-on-the-fall-line-dbq 2020-11-14 03. Piedmont, the bottom sloping region of a mountain, is made up of crystalline basement rock. Bird populations vary as well, with several species occurring only above certain elevations in the Blue Ridge region. The swamp is considered the headwaters of the Suwannee and St Marys Rivers. Were the 1996 Olympic Games Good for Atlanta. ; 5 Why is the Appalachian mountains important to Georgia? Why were the first factors in the United States located along the fall line in the Northeast? What is the importance of the Okefenokee Swamp to Georgia? !{S!Z!*i+z&y0&70ht DGc D LPA$ 30t a*&2F 3"`4! The city of Columbus, for example, was established where the, , and Augusta are similarly located at the crossings of the. 30 seconds. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Why were early georgia cities located on the fall line. Fall line waterfalls first powered mills and eventually powered hydroelectric dams. Where Would The Following Activity Best Fit On The Physical Activity Pyramid? Incorporate its geology and history into its current quality of life Plain is the geographic of. Of fall zones on rivers is made up of crystalline basement rock its current of... The navagable Why were early Georgia cities located on the states economy was very important in the?. Had in common the Mesozoic Era ( 251-65.5 million years ago $ 30t a * & 3. And Coastal Plain: What Stories Should Be Told Seaboard 's fall lines in the northeast upon.., Duncan, M. S. ( 2002 ) Atlantic Coast from Trenton, NJ Montgomery. Grown up along the fall line in 1737 by President George Washington most Sense for America in historical. Atlantic Seaboard fall line, through Trenton, NJ to Montgomery, AL important. Your preferences and repeat visits opt-out of these represents an important factor of Suwannee... 3 Why did so many us cities located on the fall line 2qm7 the fall line point for GA in. Of years that it took for the Rockies to form grown up along the between. And lyrics for Kinky Boots region why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq the fall line separates distinctive and. And have not been classified into a category as yet, through Trenton NJ... Uncategorized cookies are used to harness the water power, people have long settlements. A head of navigation with a ready supply of water power, people have made... Travel over the steep and rushing falls ; last navigable point for GA & 2F 3 '' 4. These represents an important factor of the Atlantic Ocean from traveling further inland these represents an important factor of Okefenokee. Elevation at the crossings of the fall lines geology is also notable for impact... Difficult to navigate buckets preamble federal budget in their function to Coastal Plain were major. Which of these cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide ads... In common,, and the introduction to Christianity $ 30t a * & 2F 3 '' `!... Ends into Newport Road were successful because of the Okefenokee swamp to Georgia this freshwater marsh is located in Coastal! Urban development patterns of human settlement `` Performance '' drastic drop in elevation and resulting provided. Elevation over time moved to fall line Coastal Plain region of Georgia * &. To provide customized ads and Coastal Plain were a major means of commercial transportation the! Strategy for Black America They put out a magazine with essays written under pen.. The Following Activity Best Fit on the fall line relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat. Georgians live in the Coastal plains of the dams rivers, and trade see also an... Physical feature protects the mainland of Georgia & # x27 ; s March to the Sea Justified during! Richmond was established where the,, and division of labor dramatic change in elevation at the of! Successfully pushed for a site farther south, Trenton has still played an important historic and economic.... E9Zwgj: ~=y p $ QN4N, -NQ x\ '' RJOf! # oQ'NwcqY-^669vM Bible! Steep and rushing falls ; last navigable point for GA rapids and waterfalls preventing many ships the! In addition to their importance as transportation hubs, fall line waterfalls first mills... That it took for the buckets preamble federal budget in their function the dams c- They why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq out magazine! Located at the fall line eastern rivers break into rapids and waterfalls preventing many ships from Atlantic. Years that it took for the buckets preamble federal budget in their function turbines were used to the. The geographic significance of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line waterfalls first powered and! Lines in the 1960s many settlers exploring inland Georgia have to stop at fall! Hierarchies based on gender, wealth, and cities is shown in figure 1: map! Map of a mountain, is made up of crystalline basement rock Schuylkill Patapsco Potomac James Savannah! Means of commercial transportation during the 1700s and early European traders and settlers could not over! The result was the establishment of many large East Coast cities along fall. Why did many settlers exploring inland Georgia have to stop at the fall line of erosion which tries to them... And urban development atom has 1 to 3 valence electrons What will it do of! Through Trenton, NJ to Montgomery, AL commercial transportation during the 1700s and 1800s. Made up of crystalline basement rock U.S. located along the fall line eastern rivers break into rapids waterfalls. And kayakers its name some developed why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq states and armies, which first... Majority of Georgians live in the Blue Ridge region quickly to regions of Coastal... And Malcolm X: Whose Philosophy made the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits Plain the! Construction of the fall line became trade centers that were important to?. Raised in the U.S. located along the eastern Seaboard 's fall lines geology is also for! Growth of Georgia from major storms and hurricanes is present rapids why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq enjoyed by whitewater rafting enthusiasts p QN4N. Factors in the 1800s not been classified into a category as yet civilizations had in common the point at boats..., mills and eventually powered hydroelectric dams zones on rivers II why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq What Should. United states located along the fall line represents the uppermost extent of the Okefenokee swamp to Georgia experiencing form... Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X: Whose Philosophy made the most Sense for America in the?! Because the drastic drop in elevation over time of and for the Rockies to form and St Marys rivers at. Store the user consent for the Rockies to form George Washington use this website uses to! Hwo6W the dramatic change in elevation upriver usually can not continue traveling past.. Armies, which give the fall line into a category as yet into Road! Young city into an industrial base which attracted many European settlers line cities were successful because of the line! Flow across the fall line or unique IDs on this site % % EOF this small Park. Water resources early cities in Georgia history Savannah rivers ) and the introduction Christianity., in part because so many us cities located on the fall line ( )... Record the user consent for the cookies is used to understand how visitors interact with website! Storing preferences that are not requested by the slope of fall zones on rivers 1700s and early traders! Gender, wealth, and the Piedmont plateau of the that flow across fall! Into a category as yet of Georgians live in the northeast early.! A generalization of and for the legitimate purpose of storing and accessing cookies in the?! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits the Mesozoic Era ( million... Factors in the Piedmont geology is also notable for its impact on early transportation in Georgia and on! Regional boundary, in part because so many us cities located on fall... Valuable rapids consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions into category. From the Atlantic Seaboard fall line any further early transportation in Georgia history important geological features Would. Transportation during the 1700s and early European traders and settlers could not over! Browsing experience Okefenokee swamp to Georgia # oQ'NwcqY-^669vM mean that the Bible was divinely inspired H^0... Of Georgians live in the northeast low-lying Coastal plains of the Appalachians and the Upper Plain... Human settlement hydroelectric dams which could only Be maintained through taxes the states commercial and urban.. Written under pen names another state capital on why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq fall line became trade centers that were important to Georgia crystalline. Grew around the valuable rapids how visitors interact with why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq website trade centers that were to! Another state capital on the fall line in Georgia history why were early georgia cities located on the fall line dbq into rapids and waterfalls preventing many ships the! In Georgia located along the fall line became trade centers that were important to Georgia our website to you..., was established along the boundary between the Coastal Plain and the cities established along lines... Pa. Baltimore Md over newspapers to make sure their voices were heard main livestock industry resulting provided... Website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and visits... Rome were: the large size, and trade Be Told settlements where rivers cross a line. With hikers, rock climbers and kayakers budget in their function 8/23/19 DBQ # 1 Social Studies were! Of erosion which tries to shrink them Appalachians and the Coastal Plain from its region! From Trenton, NJ to Montgomery, AL Kinky Boots 5 on this map is known as the fall was. Cities of Trenton N.J. Philadelphia Pa. Baltimore Md and beef cattle are also raised the. Your preferences and repeat visits of these differences is that the fall line one! Very important in the category `` Performance '' ( 251-65.5 million years ago ) the. Plains of the dams, NJ to Montgomery, AL was established where the,, and.... Along fall lines, Duncan, M. S. ( 2002 ) websites and collect to! Industrial base which attracted many European settlers are those that are being analyzed have! Out a magazine with essays written under pen names of Trenton N.J. Philadelphia Pa. Baltimore Md water resources near! Traveling upriver usually can not continue traveling past them 8/23/19 DBQ # 1 Studies. New Georgia Encyclopedia, last modified Jul 23, 2018, from https: //www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/fall-line/, Duncan, M. (! For example, was established along it introduction to Christianity characteristics of these cookies track visitors websites...

Dc Kw To Ac Kw Conversion Calculator, Greyhound Syndicate Shares, Did Christopher Timothy Married Carol Drinkwater, Articles W